This is the Full Marks Political Science text-cum-refresher book for Class 12, published by Full Marks Publications. It is an English medium (Roman script) book — the complete text, solutions, notes and practice papers are in English, and there is no Hindi content in it. It is prepared for the CBSE Class 12 political science examination, following the latest CBSE syllabus. A text-cum-refresher is a different thing from a solution book. It carries the chapter matter in condensed, point-wise form as well as the answers, which is what makes it usable both while learning a chapter and while revising it in the week before the paper. The book follows the full Class 12 course across both prescribed books — Contemporary World Politics, covering the end of bipolarity, US hegemony, alternative centres of power, contemporary South Asia, international organisations, security, environment and globalisation; and Politics in India Since Independence, covering the challenges of nation-building, the era of one-party dominance, planned development, India's external relations, the crisis of the democratic order, the rise of popular movements, regional aspirations and recent developments in Indian politics. Political science at Class 12 is a writing subject. The paper asks for structured answers within a word limit, and the marks turn on how many distinct points an answer makes and whether they are stated in the terms the syllabus uses. That is where a refresher earns its place — the chapter matter is already reduced to the points an answer should contain, the NCERT questions are solved in the expected format, and there are additional practice questions and model papers to work against under time. The book is used alongside the prescribed NCERT political science textbooks, which remain the source the board sets its passage and cartoon-based questions on. Key Features: English medium book — complete content written in English (Roman script), no Hindi content Published by Full Marks Publications Political Science for Class 12 (Class XII) — text-cum-refresher book As per the latest CBSE syllabus Covers Contemporary World Politics — end of bipolarity, US hegemony, alternative centres of power Covers contemporary South Asia, international organisations, security, environment and globalisation Covers Politics in India Since Independence — nation-building, one-party dominance, planned development Covers India's external relations, the emergency, popular movements and regional aspirations Chapter matter in condensed, point-wise form for learning and revision NCERT textbook questions solved in the expected answer format Additional practice questions with answers Model test papers for timed practice Answer structure and word-limit guidance for the board paper For the CBSE Class 12 political science board examination Best used alongside the prescribed NCERT Class 12 political science textbooks यह पुस्तक फुल मार्क्स पब्लिकेशन्स द्वारा प्रकाशित Political Science — कक्षा 12 हेतु टेक्स्ट-कम-रिफ्रेशर पुस्तक है। ध्यान दें: यह पुस्तक पूर्णतः अंग्रेज़ी भाषा एवं रोमन लिपि में है — इसमें हिन्दी भाषा का प्रयोग नहीं है। यह नवीनतम CBSE पाठ्यक्रम के अनुसार तैयार की गई है। इसमें दोनों निर्धारित पुस्तकों का सम्पूर्ण पाठ्यक्रम सम्मिलित है — Contemporary World Politics (शीतयुद्ध की समाप्ति, अमेरिकी वर्चस्व, सत्ता के वैकल्पिक केंद्र, समकालीन दक्षिण एशिया, अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संगठन, सुरक्षा, पर्यावरण एवं वैश्वीकरण) तथा Politics in India Since Independence (राष्ट्र-निर्माण की चुनौतियाँ, एक दल के प्रभुत्व का दौर, नियोजित विकास, भारत के विदेश संबंध, लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्था का संकट, जन आंदोलनों का उदय, क्षेत्रीय आकांक्षाएँ एवं समकालीन राजनीति)। पाठ्य सामग्री बिंदुवार संक्षिप्त रूप में दी गई है, NCERT प्रश्नों के हल बोर्ड के अपेक्षित प्रारूप में हैं, तथा अतिरिक्त अभ्यास प्रश्न एवं मॉडल पेपर सम्मिलित हैं। कक्षा 12 राजनीति विज्ञान में अंक इस बात पर निर्भर करते हैं कि उत्तर में कितने स्पष्ट बिंदु हैं और वे पाठ्यक्रम की शब्दावली में हैं या नहीं — यही इस पुस्तक की उपयोगिता है। बोर्ड के गद्यांश एवं कार्टून-आधारित प्रश्न मूल NCERT पुस्तकों से आते हैं, अतः इसे उनके साथ प्रयोग करें।